deixis

Some Utterances of Deictic Reference
First utterance:
The following utterance is a part of George W. Bush's speech on Israel and Palestinian State on Tuesday June 25 2002 09:28 BST.

"…I call on the Palestinian people to elect new leaders,…"
The word "I" is a subject singular pronoun that is classified as a type of deixis i.e. "person deixis", since it refers to the referent, George W. Bush. The next words "call on" is a verb phrase used deictically to express the action that exists at the moment of speaking. Therefore, it can be classified as "time deixis". It shows the proximal deixis since it uses the present tense. The words "the Palestinian people", then, is an adjective phrase. It means the residents (or even all the people) of Palestine. Because it does not refer to the three types of deixis, it cannot be classified as deixis. The last words "to elect new leaders" cannot be categorized as types of deixis, since it is a prepositional phrase which does not show the indication of deictic references.

Second utterance:
The following utterance is a part of Donal Bebek's words on Donal Bebek Magazine
the 715 edition 1995.
Paman Gober : "Pak, minta dua puluh lima ribu untuk membeli secangkir kopi!"
Donal : "Apa? dua puluh lima ribu untuk secangkir kopi???"
Paman Gober : "Yaaa, Pak! Begitulah harganya!"
Donal : "Pengemis kurang xxxx! aku minum kopi di ujung jalan sana seharga seribu lima ratus!"
The word "aku" is deictic expression, which refers to a character of the comic Donal Bebek, namely Donal. It is identified as the speaker or addressee. So, it can be considered as "first person deixis". The word "minum" is a verb used deictically to express the action that exists at the moment of speaking. Thus, it is classified as "time deixis". The next word "kopi" is not categorized as a type of deixis, since it is a noun, not person, time, and or place. "di ujung jalan sana”, then, is a deixis i.e. "place deixis", since it is an adverb phrase refers to place where Donal drinks a coffe. It is also called "distal demonstrative". The last words, "seharga seribu lilma ratus", is not a sort of deixis, since it is not a type of three deixis.

Third utterance
The following utterance is a part of Remarks of Senator Barack Obama"A More Perfect Union"Constitution Center Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on March 18, 2008 10:15 AM.

“......The man I met more than twenty years ago is a man .....”
The word “the man” cannot be classified as types of deixis, since it is noun phrase as subject of main clause which does not show the indication of deictic references. The next word “I” is a subject singular pronoun of sub clause that is classified as a type of deixis i.e. "person deixis", since it refers to the referent, Senator Barack Obama. The word “met” is a sub verb used deictically to express the action that exists at the moment of speaking. Therefore, it can be classified as "time deixis". It shows the distal deixis since it uses the past tense. Then, the word “more than” is adverb phrase as comperative degree. And it cannot be classified as types of deixis. The word “twenty years ago” is a deixis i.e. "time deixis", since it is an adverb phrase which refers to time when Obama meets the man. The word “is” is main verb of this clause. It is not a type of deixis because it does not show the action that exists at the moment of speaking. The word “a man” is an object sngular noun that can be catagorized as a type deixis i.e. “person deixis” for it refers to the referent, the man that have been ever met by Barack Obama on twenty years ago.


Discourse Analysis
Moh. Jufri
M. Agung H.
Deictic Reference
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George Bush's speech on Israel and a Palestinian state
Tuesday June 25 2002 09:28 BST
I call on the Palestinian people to elect new leaders, leaders not compromised by terror. I call upon them to build a practicing democracy, based on tolerance and liberty. If the Palestinian people actively pursue these goals, America and the world will actively support their efforts. If the Palestinian people meet these goals, they will be able to reach agreement with Israel and Egypt and Jordan on security and other arrangements for independence. And when the Palestinian people have new leaders, new institutions and new security arrangements with their neighbors, the United States of America will support the creation of a Palestinian state whose borders and certain aspects of its sovereignty will be provisional until resolved as part of a final settlement in the Middle East.
Remarks of Senator Barack Obama
March 18, 2008 10:15 AM
"A More Perfect Union" Constitution Center Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
But the truth is, that isn't all that I know of the man. The man I met more than twenty years ago is a man who helped introduce me to my Christian faith, a man who spoke to me about our obligations to love one another; to care for the sick and lift up the poor. He is a man who served his country as a U.S. Marine; who has studied and lectured at some of the finest universities and seminaries in the country, and who for over thirty years led a church that serves the community by doing God's work here on Earth - by housing the homeless, ministering to the needy, providing day care services and scholarships and prison ministries, and reaching out to those suffering from HIV/AIDS.